[Research progress on pathogenic mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and its active components].

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI) is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. At present, there is no recommended pharmacological intervention for the treatment of SILI. traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), based on the holism and dialectical treatment concept, shows the therapeutic characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway and can comprehensively prevent and treat SILI by interfering with inflammatory factors, inflammatory signaling pathways, and anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. This article reviewed the experimental studies on the treatment of SILI with TCM to clarify its pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic characteristics, so as to provide more ideas and directions for the development or preparation of new drugs.

Expression of ovate family protein 8 affects epicuticular waxes accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors could regulate multiple aspects of plants growth and development, which is significant to plants. Ovate family proteins (OFPs) that are named due to contain OVATE domain, a 70-AA C-terminal conserved domain from the protein OVATE gene encodes, are plant-specific transcription factors family. Some members of OFPs have been shown to function as transcription factors to regulate plant growth and development, but little is known about the function of AtOFP8. RESULTS: Here, we found AtOFP8 maybe involve in transcriptional regulation of the epicuticular waxes in Arabidopsis thaliana. First, we observed that the distribution of epicuticular waxes of wild type plants was more than that of Atofp8-1 deletion mutants, but less than that of 35S:HA-AtOFP8 transgenic overexpression lines not only on the leaves but also on the stems utilizing scanning electron microscopes. Second, we extracted waxes from leaves and stems of three types of plants respectively to measure the waxes content and composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the results of the total content of waxes were consistent with the results of scanning electron microscopes. Finally, we found that the expression of 12 genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of waxes was changed in the Atofp8-1 mutants and 35S:HA-AtOFP8 transgenic lines compared with wild type plants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that AtOFP8 could change the accumulation of epicuticular waxes.

Optimization of the Expression Conditions of CGA-N46 in Bacillus subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) by Response Surface Methodology.

CGA-N46 is a small antifungal-derived peptide and consists of the 31st-76th amino acids of the N-terminus of human chromogranin A. Polycistronic expression of recombinant CGA-N46 in Bacillus subtilis DB1342 was used to improve its production, but the yield of CGA-N46 was still low. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize culture medium composition and growth conditions of the engineered strain B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) for the further increase in CGA-N46 yield. The results of two-level factorial experiments indicated that dextrin and tryptone were significant factors affecting CGA-N46 expression. Central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the ideal conditions of each significant factors. From the results of CCD, the optimal medium composition was predicted to be dextrin 16.6 g/L, tryptone 19.2 g/L, KH2PO4·H2O 6 g/L, pH 6.5. And the optimal culture process indicated inoculation of B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) seed culture into fresh culture medium at 5 % (v/v), followed by expression of CGA-N46 for 56 hours at 30 °C induced by 2 % (v/v) sucrose after one hour of shaking culture. To test optimal CGA-N46 peptide expression, the yeast growth inhibition assay was employed and it was found that under optimal culture conditions, CGA-N46 inhibited the growth of Candida albican by 42.17, 30.86 % more than that in the pre-optimization conditions. In summary, RSM can be used to optimize expression conditions of CGA-N46 in engineered strains B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46).

Optimization of the expression conditions of CGA-N46 in Bacillus subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) by response surface methodology.

CGA-N46 is a small antifungal derived peptide and consists of the 31st to 76th amino acids of the N-terminus of human chromogranin A. Polycistronic expression of recombinant CGA-N46 in Bacillus subtilis DB1342 was used to improve its production, but the yield of CGA-N46 was still low. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize culture medium composition and growth conditions of the engineered strain B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) for the further increase of CGA-N46 yield. The results of two-level factorial experiments indicated that dextrin and tryptone were significant factors affecting CGA-N46 expression. Central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the ideal conditions of each significant factors. From the results of CCD, the optimal medium composition was predicted to be dextrin 16.6 g/L, tryptone 19.2 g/L, KH2PO4·3H2O 6 g/L, pH 6.5. And the optimal culture process was indicated that B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46) seed culture was inoculated into fresh culture medium at 5% (v/v), followed by expression of CGA-N46 for 56 hours at 30°C induced by 2% (v/v) sucrose after one hour of shaking culture. To test optimal CGA-N46 peptide expression, the yeast growth inhibition assay was employed and it was found that under optimal culture conditions, CGA-N46 inhibited the growth of C. albican by 42.17%, 30.86% more than that in the pre-optimization conditions. In summary, RSM can be used to optimize expression conditions of CGA-N46 in engineered strains B. subtilis DB1342(p-3N46).

Sediminicoccus rosea gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from the sediment of a eutrophic lake.

A polyphasic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic position of a novel strain R-30(T) isolated from the surficial layer of sediment from Taihu Lake of China. The strain formed pink colored colonies comprising coccodial cells on R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R-30(T) clustered with the strains of genus Roseococcus and strain Rubritepida flocculans, with Roseococcus suduntuyensis SHET(T) as the closest relative, sharing 95.6% similarity. The major fatty acids (＞5%) were 18：1ω7c (66.7%), 16： 1ω7c/16：1ω6c (10.2%) and 16：0 (8.0%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG), phosphatidyl methylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl choline (PC). The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics, we conclude that strain R-30(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Acetobacteraceae, for which we propose the name Sediminicoccus rosea gen nov. sp. nov. with R-30(T) (= CGMCC 1.12302(T) = NBRC 109675(T)) as the type species and type strain.